BRISTION JOINED IN EU HAVE GOOD OR BAD

In this opinion I will make the case for Britain joining the Euro. Some disadvantages are much overplayed by the media. I will explain the disadvantages of the Euro but ultimately I will show that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
There are several distinct arguments for and against the Euro. There are Economic arguments; Political arguments and many people have very personal reasons for their preferences.
Sterling v Euros: The Economic Arguments

Since joining the Euro is essentially an Economic decision then the Economic arguments are the most important. Perhaps the most obvious Economic argument is the“Transaction Costs” argument. By joining the Euro we will cut the costs of each transaction that we make with Euro-zone. Since most of our trade is with the Euro-zone the money we would save from cutting the cost of each transaction will be significant. Every time a business exports or imports something from the E.U. the business has to exchange sterling in to foreign currencies. If the Euro is introduced these costs would disappear overnight.
According to the Labour government car prices in Britain are higher than in Europe and this probably strikes a chord with anyone who has attempted to import a car from Europe. A single currency would allow any consumer in the UK to see exactly what price cars were in Germany or France. This transparency would mean that companies could not get away with charging different prices in different countries.

Every business must take risk into consideration when deciding on its strategy. The more risk involved with a certain strategy the higher return the business requires to make that strategy viable. Risk is a bad thing, something that any company would try and minimize. This is especially true of companies that to business abroad. Every business venture that involves foreign trade is exposed to the risk of currency fluctuations.

Most of our foreign trade is with the Euro-zone. This is not to say that that trade with other countries would suffer if we joined the Euro. At the moment we negotiate trade treaties as part of the EU. Joining a single currency strengthens our position and the negotiating position of the EU. However I think that a stronger Euro is not necessarily a good thing. Currencies fluctuate against each other for various reasons. The essential reason for currency fluctuations is to balance trade between countries. Currency speculation will distort this process and has probably contributed to the weakness of the Euro. But even so a weak Euro is not a symptom of underlying problems. It makes exports from the Euro-zone more attractive and has certainly increased employment within the Euro-zone.

Overall there are Economic arguments for and against the Euro. I think that our reliance on trade with Europe outweighs the problems associated with losing control of our monetary policy.

Brussels Bureaucrats v Our National Sovereignty: The Political Arguments

Most of the Economic arguments argue for the Euro. The political arguments are, in general, set against the Euro. If we join the Euro is argued that we will lose our sovereignty to un-elected “Brussels Bureaucrats”.

If the UK wants to become further integrated in to the EU then the Euro is an essential stepping-stone. However I think that the arguments over whether the UK should become further integrated into the EU are irrelevant. The Euro can stand as a single issue. It therefore means you cannot argue against the Euro because it allows further integration.

Undoubtedly joining the Euro will be a diminishment of National Sovereignty. As a country we will no longer be able to set our own interest rates and we will no longer be able to control our own currency. An un-elected body, the European Central Bank, will decide all this.

However at the moment our elected representatives and the government do not decide the interest rates. In the field of monetary policy the Bank of England has far more power than the government. Many people in the country believe that this is the best way to make policy. Therefore it seems reasonable to accept that an un-elected body should decide our monetary policy.

There are many cases where we have accepted the subsidiary principle and where it has benefited the UK. It therefore seems sensible to accept it when dealing with economic issues. The economic arguments show that it is better to decide monetary policy on a Europe wide level and therefore it seems sensible to accept this.

Sentimentality v Progress: Personal prejudices against the Euro

Many of the reasons people give against joining the Euro are quite personal. People want to keep the Pound and the Queens head on their £5 notes rather than having funny “German notes”. I think there are two personal reasons why people want to keep the Pound: sentimentality and xenophobia.

There is not much else that can be said. If you value a sentimental attachment to a piece of paper and a couple of shiny metal things over a stronger country and a better standard of living then there is not much I can say that would persuade you otherwise.
I think that many of the tabloid papers approach to the Euro have simply been designed to stir up xenophobic prejudices. Virtually all of the “Euro stories” in the Mail and in the Sun have simply been rants against so called Brussels Bureaucrats and of course the Germans. It is sad to think that the outcome of the referendum might simply be decided by the personal prejudices of Sun readers.

My mind is obviously made up. All I ask of you is that you assess the arguments that I have set out and that you

United Kingdom - History of the Flag

Modern Flag (adopted 1801)


The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland flys the "Union Flag" or, as it is more popularly called the "Union Jack." It is easily distinguishable from other flags by ist double cross design and blue background. The flag has been used in a variety of forms since 1606, when the flags of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were first merged to symbolise the "Union of the Crowns," which occurred in 1603.  The current design of the Union Jack dates back to 1801 and the union of Ireland and Great Britain. The flag remains unchanged even after the partition of Ireland in 1921 and the creation of the Irish Free State.

The large red cross, edged in white, centering the flag is the the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England.  It is superimposed on top of the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.  Both are are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland.

Prior to the Union Jack, the flag flown in England was that of St. George's Cross. A relatively simple flag with a white background and the red cross of St. George centering it. The exact origins of the flag are unclear, however, it is known that the flag appeared during the Middle Ages.  The first known record of the use of St. George's Cross as an emblem of England is related to an account of the Welsh War of 1275.

One theory suggests that the flag was born from the Crusades.  St. George's cross was already associated with England at the start of the Crusades and the Pope made the decision that English crusaders would wear a white cross on red, French crusaders a red cross on white and italian crusaders a yellow cross on white. The English traded with their rivals, the French in January of 1188, so that they could don the red cross with white background.

The Union Jack incorporates St. George's Cross in the design, the flags of Scotland (below / right) also played a large role in the look of the Union Jack today. While both of these flags have been incorporated, recently it has been argued that the flag does not represent all of the members of the United Kingdom as the flag of Wales(left) is not represented on the Union Jack. Other private citizens have argued that the flag is racist as it does not represent all communities of the United Kingdom. The overwhelming response to this sentiment is that the flag is not related to racial tension and should not be changed.

In addition to these flags, the Royal Standard is used by Queen Elizabeth II in her capacity as sovereign of the United Kingdom (left).    There are two different standards in use, the one shown to the left is flown throughout the UK with the exception of Scotland. The Royal Standard used in Scotland is shown below.  While universally the flag is called a "standard," the flag used in the UK is a "banners of arms," due to the shield of the Royal Arms.  Outside of the UK , the flag is comprised of a blue disc containing a wreath of gold roses encircling the crowned letter "E."

The Royal Standard is flown when the queen is residing at one of the royal residences, on the queen's car during official journeys and on aircraft before and after flights.  It also may be flown on any building during a visist by the queen. Westminster Abbey, a "royal peculiar," is the only church permitted to fly the Royal Standard without limitation. 

When the Union Jack is flying over Buckingham Palace, it means the queen is not in residence. Similarly, when the Royal Standard of the King of Scots is flying above Holyrood Palace or Balmoral Castle, it also means the queen is not in residence.

The Royal standards incorporates the flag of scotland, as seen to the right of the above paragraph, and also the irish harp as seen on the historic flag of ireland(below / right).

What is interesting about the transitions the flags of the United Kingdom have undergone is that they still don't have an official flag. The Union Jack is technically the flag of the Monarchy and has become the flag of the United Kingdom only through popular use. Therefore, we may not have seen the end of the changes to the flags of the United Kingdom as all one would need to do to change the flag is make one that is more popular than the current Union Jack.

The Industrial Revolution

Last week, i learned about the history of Britain and understood what is the developed country civilization culture originate.

In our modern world, we make daily use of the products of an industrialised era. These products include a wide variety of goods manufactured for our consumption. It has not always been like this. There was a time when almost all products were hand-made and the factory system did not exist. The transition from a world of artisan manufacture to a factory system, and all its attendant benefits with which we are familiar, is known as the Industrial Revolution. It began in Britain in the early years of the 18th century.

In a little over a century, Britain went from a largely rural, agrarian population to a country of industrialized towns, factories, mines and workshops. Britain was, in fact, already beginning to develop a manufacturing industry during the early years of the early 18th century, but it was from the 1730's that its growth accelerated.

As well as a revolution in industry, this period saw many changes and improvements in agricultural practice. When i closed book, i have been thinking that the world is the better beauty because of changes! 

Oxford roaming

Oxford roaming: British fairy tale world

In addition to the courteous gentleman, elegant lady of easy, elegant and delicious English afternoon tea; Britain in her traditional veil still under active on the other side of the world --- little girl obsessed with Alice's dreams; riding Light round of the 2000 Harry Potter; of Peter Rabbit eating carrots ... ... all childhood fairy tale is the most beautiful sky, now you have to bring together children's parade Britain map. my dream world.

Roaming Guide: A total of 39 Oxford colleges, the College of different architectural styles are quite different from each other. Christ Church College entrance hidden in the green shadow of whirling flowers, if there is no steeple main building as a background, is fully often overlooked in a rural farm structures. 

Alice window: every day across the sunshine

Christ Church College dining hall, a few come from the front of the first 5 is a well-known Alice window. Stained glass followed by the author outlines Carroll, Alice girl, bad temper and the Red Queen's Dodo, through the sun across the long dining table with 22 students each other. 

Roaming guide: hall has been hanging around here to study the masters of Arts and Sciences, the main square on the table is the founder of the Institute --- tyrannical wife of Henry VIII, is also a fairy tale in a bad mood that we should "cut Off his head, "the Red Queen's prototype. 

Botanical Garden: Golden afternoon 

Botanical Garden, a unique form of a huge greenhouse is the Red Queen's stadium-up map of the background. Thames flowing through here on Yi Xisi in order to change its name, floating on the river enough to hold up a baby's disk Victoria water lily, a habitat of the river every day to duck the audience to join in the ash. Bushanyanci the Christ Church mathematics lecturer with Carroll superintendent of the three small daughters in a golden afternoon boating on the river, the children waved small hand command of chaos, in the small blind wandering in the river, so the birth of a fairy tale fantasy ... ... Opposite Madeleine College of Deer Park, the story of Alice gently leaned deer reality is not easy to close, without the slightest sign of trouble will be running in the slightest noise. 

Store sheep: 500-year-old store 

Guangwan Christ Church College, is the opposite of "sheep shops", located in San Aerdeci Street, 83, of the grocery store has 500-year-old senior. Carroll was with Alice Guangwan Botanical Garden will come here to drink a cup of hot chocolate. More than 200 years, and that a cup of hot chocolate is still full-bodied Shannon?